が9月4に発表したによると、2人以上のが7月に使ったは、1世帯あたり平均30万1245円でした。のを除いた「」では、前年の月より3.6%減っています。、によるを調整して前月とと0.5%増でした。7月のでも、によって増減の向きが。
According to the Family Income and Expenditure Survey released by Japan's Statistics Bureau on September 4, households with two or more people spent an average of 301,245 yen in July. In real terms, which remove the effect of price changes, spending fell 3.6% from the same month a year earlier. However, after seasonal adjustment, it rose 0.5% from the previous month. Even for the same July figure, the direction changes according to the comparison.
の「」は、食料や住居、光熱・水道、・通信、教養娯楽など、に使った支出をまとめたものです。ただし、平均額がそのままのの標準予算になるわけではありません。の人数、年齢、住む地域、持ち家か賃貸かによって、支出の形は。のとは、総額だけでなく、のもがあります。
Consumption expenditure combines spending on food, housing, utilities, transport and communications, culture and recreation, and other parts of daily life. The average is not automatically a standard budget for one household. Spending patterns vary greatly with household size, age, region, and whether the home is owned or rented. When comparing the figure with your own budget, consider these differences as well as the total.
で「3.6%減」とは、支払った円の額が単純に3.6%減ったというではありません。が上がれば、金額を払っても買える品物やの量が少なくなるがあります。そこで統計では、のによるを取り除き、の量に近いを示します。「」は実際に支払った金額に、「」はを調整した数字だと分けると、見出しを読み違えにくくなります。
A headline saying ‘down 3.6% in real terms’ does not simply mean the number of yen paid fell by 3.6%. When prices rise, the same amount of money may buy fewer goods and services. Statistics therefore remove the effect of price changes to show movement closer to the quantity consumed. Separating nominal, which is closer to the amount actually paid, from real, which adjusts for prices, helps prevent a mistaken reading of the headline.
また、と前月比も役割ではありません。は、夏休みや冷房費のようなのが近い前年7月とます。前月比は直前のをが、月ごとの季節差を調整したがよく使われます。今回の結果は、では減少し、季節調整済みの前月比ではわずかに増加しました。どちらかだけでが急に良くなった、または悪くなったとのは早すぎます。
Year-on-year and month-on-month comparisons also have different roles. A year-on-year figure compares with the same month, which has similar seasonal factors such as summer holidays and air-conditioning costs. A month-on-month figure looks at the latest movement and often uses seasonal adjustment. This release showed a year-on-year decline but a slight seasonally adjusted monthly increase. One figure alone is not enough to declare that household conditions suddenly improved or worsened.
なお、今回の公表では、消費者物価指数が2025年基準に変わったことに合わせ、過去の実質増減率も改定されています。にとがは、誤りとは限らず、基準の更新が理由かもしれません。統計の見出しをは、「かか」「か前月比か」「が改定されていないか」の三点を確かめます。そうすれば、そのが何をたものかようになります。
The release also revised earlier real growth rates after the consumer price index changed to a 2025 base. If a number differs slightly from an earlier article, an updated basis rather than an error may be the reason. When reading a statistical headline, check whether it is real or nominal, year-on-year or month-on-month, and whether earlier figures were revised.